Hydraulic machine



J. BAUMANN 2,006,338

HYDRAULI C MACHINE Fiied Jan. 9. 1954 2 sheets-'sheet 1'.

July 2, 1935.

|Nvx-:NTOR JOHANNES BAUMANN ...IY f n.:

ATTORNEY July 2, 1935. J, BAUMANN 2,006,338

HYDRAULI C MACHINE Filed Jan. 9. 1934 2 SheetS-Sheeb 2 Fig' 8' 20 Mmmm MMM,

ATTORNEY Patented July 2, 1935 f UNIT- ED fs'rAT-ESPATENT oFFlcE HYDRAULIC MACHINE Johannes Baumann, Heidenheim-on-the-Brenz, Wurttemberg, Germany, assigner to J. M. Voith, Heidenheim-on-the-Brenz, Germany, a copartnership composed of Walther Voith, Hermann Voith, and Hanns Volth v Application January 9, '1934, serial No. 705,855

Germany January 10, 1933,

3 Claims. (Cl. 253-141) This invention relates to improvements in thev construction of hydraulic machines, such for instance as pumps, hydraulic turbines, and the like, and more particularly to improvements in the construction of the impellers or runners of such machines. j L

An object of the invention is to provide an improved construction of the impeller or runner of a. hydraulic machine of the Kaplan typehaving movableblades, so that machines of abnormal size can be manufactured and shipped to the place of installation.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved construction'of hydraulic machines inwhch the impeller or runner blades are first made in sections, to permit the parts. to be transported to the site of installation, and then united into a homogeneous Whole at the siteof installa-v tion of the machine.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved hydraulic machine of the character mentioned in which the impeller blades are detachably connected .totheir supporting trunnions.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved hydraulic machine of the character mentioned, which is simple in construction, and reliable and exact in function under all conditions of service. s

The invention also comprises certain new and useful improvements in the construction, arrangement and combination of the several parts of which it is composed as will be hereinafter fully described and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings Figure 1 is a view partly in section of a Kaplan Atype of hydraulic turbine having impeller blades constructed according to the present invention;

Fig. 2 is an enlargedvertical section of the im'- peller, showing the construction of the parts within the hub thereof;

Fig. 3 is a section taken on the line 3 3 of Fig. 2, showing one of the impeller blades in plan;

Heretofore, in the construction of impellers o runners of the Kaplan type of hydraulic machines, it has been customary to form the impeller blades in one piece. The vblades are usually formed from cast iron, cast steel', cast bronze,

or other suitable metal.

'In the case of hydraulic machines having impellers of fairly large size,A that is to say, machines having impellers with a. maximum .diamefter exceeding approximately 8 feet, it has been difficult to transport the impellers from the factory to the site of installation, due to the fact that 'the impellers extended beyondI the sides of the freight cars or other transportation vehicles. Therefore, due to the limitations of the sizes of transportation vehicles now in use, the maximum size of hydraulic machines which could'be loaded on to the transportation vehicles at the place of manufacture and transported to the site of in stallation was limited.

In some cases it is of advantage to install a hydraulic machine having an impeller of extremely large size, but the size of such hydraulic machines has been limited to sizes which could be easily transported from the factory to the site of the installation. l

According to the present invention the irnpellers can be constructed much larger than has heretofore been possible. by constructing the blades of the impellers in sections in such a manner as to materially reduce the sizes of the parts for shipping purposes. The sections of the impellers are so formed that they can be readily Aassembled together at the site of installation and then united into a homogeneous whole.

The preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in connection with the well known Kaplan type of hydraulic turbine.

Referring to the drawings and especiallyv to Figs'. l and 2, the turbine comprises a casing II This is accomplished y are mounted an-annular series of wicket gates or guide. vanes I2, only a portion of which are shown. The lower portion I3 of the turbine cas-l ing forms an axially directed chamber inA which the impeller I4 operates.

The hub of the impeller I4 is xed to the lower end of a shaft I5 which is journalled in a suitable bearing I 6 mounted in the turbine casing.

Any suitable type of setting may be used for the turbine installation, a concrete setting I1 being shown in the present instance. 'I'he portion of the setting below the turbine forms a draft tube I8 into .which the water is discharged from the impeller.

l in the hub.

As shown, the turbine is 'of the adjustable blade type, and a' suitable number 'of blade'slQ-are rotatably supported in the hub oi' the impeller I4 and project radially therefrom. Each blade I9 has an entrance edge 20 and a discharge edge 2|, both of which edges extend from the fhub of the impeller I4 outwardly to the outer edge 22.

As shown in Figs. 2 and 3 the inner end of each blade' l 9 is provided with a trunnion Z3 which is journalled in a bearing 24 supported in the hub. 1

The blade I9 is detachably secured to the trunnion 23 by means of bolts 5I which are passed through flanges 52 and 53 respectively formed on the blade andtnmnion.

'I'he flanges 52 and 53 'constitute a collar 2B which is disposed in a suitable recess 21 formed Means are provided for simultaneously rotating all 'of the blades I! and for maintaining them in'equal angular relationship. nsuch means `com` prising preferably an'arm 3|! rigidly fixed on the trunnion 23 ,of each blade and links 3| which pivotally connect the arms on the diierent blades shaft I5 and is adapted to be operated. by suit-` able means (not shown), suchv .for instance as that shown in United States Patent '1,937,772, granted December 5, 1933,'to Daniel J.v McCormack for Hydraulic turbine. l

In the' form of the' invention shawn in Figs.` 4 '.to 8 inclusive, each impeller blade I9 is composed of two sections or parts VI" and 38 which are joined together along a substantially radially disposed line 39 in themanner clearly shown in Fig. 4.

In vforming the bladel I8, the blade may be first formed from a single piece-.of metal having the general outline shown on Fig'. 4. The blade can then be severedor cut along the line 39 (Fig.

4) soastofonnthetwosectionsand.

Any suitable method or means may beemployed tojoin the two sections of the blade together at the site'of installation. In the instant case the sections of the blade are' shown connected by welding (Fig. 5).

" In -order to permit welding of the twol sections of the blade together lthe adjoining-edges 4| and 42 vofthe blade, sections 31 and Il respectively, are -beve1led, as indicated at 43 and 44 respectively in Figs. 6, 7 and 8. .The welding'` metal is then formed in -the V-shaped'spaces 4l 'and 4I thusprovided '(Fig. 6), and in this way the parte will By detachably connectingthe blades'to iie'r the size and weight of the be l materially reduced for shipping Purposes, since 70 ,the blades can be' shipped separately from thehub fof wthe impeller as will be understood. Partner- -inoreif the blades ci the impeller'an abnormally laggethey may' be rongeam the shown 4iso thatthe two can be china means for joining `united into-a homogeneouswhole'in a well ','f known manner.

.'respecti've trunnions in the above described manaooasss f shipped separately tothe site of installation. In

, this form of invention the several sectionsof the blades can be readily assembled at the site of installation oi' the' turbine in the mannerl heretofore described. `Inthis manner turbines oi abnormal size and weight can be commercially pro-.

duced since it is possible to form thelargest part of the turbine in sections of a size convenient for transporting to the site of installation.

While `two illustrative embodiments of the invention has been described in detail, it is not my intention to `limit its scope to those embodiments or otherwise than by the terms of the appended claims. y Y

Having thusv described my invention what I claim is: Y l

l. An impeller forhydraulic machines of extraordinary large size in which it is impracticable to ship the impeller as a whole from the-placeof manufacture to the .site of installation, comprising a hollow'hub, a.' plurality of blades, a trunnion journalled in the hub for each blade, means for detachablyconnecting the blades. to said trunnions comprising, a ilange'formed on the outer end portion of each. trunnion, a correspondingly formed flange on the inner portion of each blade and adapted to abut theflange of the trunnion,

means for .detachably securing the abutting flanges together, and recesses formed in the hub for said flanges.

traordinary large size in which it is impracticable to ship the impeller as a whole from the place of manufacture to the site of' installation, comprising a hollow hub, a plurality of blades, a trunnion journalled in the'hub foreach blade, means for detachably connecting the blades to said trunnions comprising, a flange formed on the outery end portion of each trunnion, a correspondingly formed ilange on the inner portion of each blade adapted to abut the flalge'of the trunnion,

means', for detachably 'securing the abutting ilanges together, and recesses formed in the hub ior'said ilanges; and means within the hub and 'operatively connected with said trunnio the angular positions of the'blades.

3. An impeller for hydraulic machines of extraordinary large size inwhich it is impractlcable to ship the impeller as a whole from the place of manufacture to the site ofinstallation, compris- 'ing a hollow hub; ya plurality of blades, a trunnion journalled inthe hub for each blade, each of said blades Acomprising two sections divided along a line extending at an anglefrom the outer periph,-

a flange formed on the outer end portionof each trunnion, a correspondingly formed flange on the inner portion of each blade", said blade anges also being divided, so as to provide a which is practicable to ship manufacture to the site o! installation ot the mathe adjacent` edges of the two sections of each blade so a'sto form a singieblade of homogeneouseonsmicupn hav- Y ing the desired conilguration and (flanged pornon adapted' to abut the aange of recesses formed in the hub for the abltting 'of each blade and trunnion, and means forvde'- 'melanin securing the abutting mages; "9

'said securing means also said in the hub.

.ronannns f '30 "2. An impellerfor hydraulic machines of exfor 45. simultaneously'rotating the trunnions to c ange eral edge of the blade tothe inner portion thereof,

blade mucture from the place of 

